A history of the great development of information technology in the twentieth century, at a global level. The story of the emergence and development of information technology in Portugal, also in the twentieth century, is highlighted

Smart phones have become part of our daily life. People using smart phones have increased rapidly. The proposed paper is to provide a security system that combines the functions of smart phone and home network system. It enables the users to check the image of the visitor who is present at the door. It also saves all the images in their drive. We send an alert message to the Owner whenever the doorbell is pressed. Furthermore, the owner can call to the visitor with the help of our app. We are also providing a link in the SMS sent so that it redirects the user to the app

This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors. In addition, when the emergency services are present on the particular lane, the clearance is given to that lane. This is achieved by providing a wifi module in the emergency vehicles. The SSID of the vehicle is scanned by Node MCU at the traffic pole and clearance is given

The article concerns the case of damaged front axle final drive unit of the VAZ Niva and the methodology a technical expert applied to identify a direct cause of failure. The final drive unit failure occurred when operating a vehicle after 22, 804 km service, the failure being manifested by oil leakage, damage to the crown wheel teeth and bevel gear pinion (pear-shaped), and damage to the shaft assembly bearings of conical gears. The above-mentioned failure had to be assessed by a technical expert to determine whether it had been caused by a material defect or occurred because of the mode of using the vehicle. To determine the cause, a vehicle has been inspected on the car service station premises, where a technical expert was present and according to his instructions, diagnostic and subsequent disassembly works were done. The procedure of evaluating the key characteristics on individual parts, their display and the resulting evaluation are described

The article deals with the issue of insured events. It points out the fact that insurance companies suffer financial losses in the case of insurance frauds. Then the procedures of the insurance companies are explained and how the insurance companies work in order to determine whether in a specific case it is an insurance fraud or not. The unusual damage to a vehicle and the procedure by which the insurance company settled the damage are presented. The steps taken by the owner of a vehicle and a court that invited a technical expert have been clarified. Next, the description of the technical expert´ working procedures and the results of his investigation are showed.

In a study, it was investigated relationship among stock market movement and Tweeter feed content. We are expecting to see if there is connection among sentiment information extracted from the Tweets using a Vader in predicting movements of stock prices. As a result it was obtained strong positive correlation with a coefficient of correlation to be 0.7815.

BLAST is most popular sequence alignment tool used to align bioinformatics patterns. It uses local alignment process in which instead comparing whole query sequence with database sequence it breaks query sequence into small words and these words are used to align patterns. it uses heuristic method which make it faster than earlier smith-waterman algorithm. But due small query sequence used for align in case of very large database with complex queries it may perform poor. To remove this draw back we suggest by using MSA tools which can filter database in by removing unnecessary sequences from data. This sorted data set then applies to BLAST which can then indentify relationship among them i.e. HOMOLOGS, ORTHOLOGS, PARALOGS. The proposed system can be further use to find relation among two persons or used to create family tree. Ortholog is interesting for a wide range of bioinformatics analyses, including functional annotation, phylogenetic inference, or genome evolution. This system describes and motivates the algorithm for predicting orthologous relationships among complete genomes. The algorithm takes a pairwise approach, thus neither requiring tree reconstruction nor reconciliation

Shopping is widely regarded as a major leisure time activity. The entertainment aspect of retail industry is increasingly being recognized as a key competitive instrument in the present situation. Therefore, retailers and shopping Centre developers are seeking ways to make shopping more of a leisure pursuit. The purpose of this research is to explore the dimensions of leisure shopping behaviour associated with shoppers of organized retail outlets in Kerala. The paper also figured-out the inter relationship between the shopping entertainment with consumer demographics. The findings of this study may help retailers in developing appropriate strategies to improve the store patronage behaviour by elevating the hedonic shopping value and shopping enjoyment index among consumers.

Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl- ), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations. However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8 g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and marine influence by aerosol.

Recently, numerous approaches have been proposed for designing medium access control (MAC) in underwater acoustic networks (UANs). Some of those works tried to adapt MAC protocols proposed for terrestrial networks. However, unique environmental characteristics of UANs make the MAC protocols hard to be used in the UANs and degrade network performance. In order to improve network performance, COD-TS MAC protocol was proposed. COD-TS focuses on both single hop and multi-hop mode and utilizes CDMA for exchanging schedule information between cluster heads. COD-TS has shortcomings such as collisions, additional energy consumption by exchanging schedule information and near-far effect of CDMA. To overcome above shortcomings, we propose a clustering-based time slot assignment protocol. In the proposed protocol, nodes are clustered, and each cluster head performs two-hop neighbor cluster discovery operation. And then, a cluster head obtains its own relative position information. Finally, the cluster head assigns its own time slot for data transmission based on the information. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has always better performance compared to the COD-TS

Cybersecurity risk pervades all sectors of the US economy. It challenges the reliability, resiliency, and safety of our infrastructures. The chemical industry, particularly the petro-chemical industry, is a critical infrastructure that is vulnerable to cyber attacks. By its nature, the chemical industry deals with products that are sometimes highly hazardous for people and the environment. Cyber attacks on chemical industry represent a threat beyond the boundaries of the factory involved. This paper presents a brief introduction to how cybersecurity affects the chemical industry.

The article concerns the case of the damage to the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport engine and the methodology a technical expert applied to identify a direct cause of failure. The engine failure occurred while a vehicle was being repaired to eliminate air conditioning malfunction and engine overheating. When repairing, it was necessary to replace a cylinder head and the pistons were checked removing the pully from a crank shaft. After the repair had been completed and after 16-day vehicle operation, engine timing belts got damaged. To eliminate this malfunction, damaged belts were replaced. Thirty (30) days after the vehicle had been put into operation, emergency engine failure occurred, and a technical expert was called upon to assess the quality of the repairs having been performed. The article describes the procedures and methodology a technical expert applied. In the conclusion, the findings are stated. To determine the cause, a vehicle was on the car service station premises, where a technical expert was present and according to his instructions, diagnostic and subsequent disassembly works have been done. The procedure of evaluating the key characteristics on individual parts, their display, and the resulting evaluation are described

This paper analyses the effect of cash management on the financial performance of cooperatives banks in Rwanda. A descriptive research design was used. The population comprised of 148 employees of ZIGMA CSS from which a sample of 108 employees was determined using Solvirn and Yemen’s formula. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and document analysis. Data was presented using frequency tables from which analysis was made. A multi regression analysis was used to analyse relationship between the variables. The results from the survey revealed that ZIGMA CSS uses various cash management techniques in the cash management. The results further revealed a strong relationship between cash management and financial performance of ZIGMA CSS. The study concludes that cash management is a key tool in the financial management of the banks since cash forms the biggest asset of the bank. Cooperatives banks should ensure that they develop policies in effective cash management.

: The scope of this work extends to system components (for example service providers, networks, servers, hosts, applications, processes and personnel) which are used to exchange PIN-related data. The PIN Guidelines in this document encompass PIN security within any one system or sub-system and between systems. This process designs 10 digit keypad with random RGB color SCHEME using a Fast Finite-State Algorithm for Generating RGB Palettes of Color. In this work, we propose a color finite-state LBG (CFSLBG) algorithm that reduces the computation time by exploiting the correlations of palette entries between the current and previous iterations.

In this paper, we introduce the single camera-based number recognition system used for this system recognizes vehicle number plates on one lane by using a single camera. Intelligent transport system (ITS) has been constructed because there is a limit in solving traffic problems in a physical manner such as construction of roads and subways. The single camera-based number recognition system used for this system recognizes vehicle number plates on one lane by using a single camera. Due to the increased cost of the installation and maintenance thereof, there is a growing need for a multi-lane-based number recognition system. When the single camera-based number recognition system is used for multi-lane recognition, the recognition rate is lowered due to a difference in vehicle image size among lanes and a low-resolution problem. Therefore, in this study, we applied a character extraction algorithm using connected vertical and horizontal edge segments-based labeling to improve multi-lane vehicle number recognition rate and thereby to allow application of the single camera-based system to multi-lane roads.

With the transformation of the global economy from its center in the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, the energy-emission problematic has moved too. The Asian continent emits more CO2 than the others. But Asian governments are lukewarm about global coordination to halt climate change. They have large scale plans for the next 2-3 decades that will require lots of more energy and result in more greenhouse gases (GHG). Many Asian countries are take-off or catch-up economies, eager to close the gap to Western powers. They demand huge compensation for the costs to decarbonize from the promised Super Fund. However, they have own incentives to reduce GHG, like China, India and Indonesia.

This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1– 7.2 × 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2–6.2 × 105 cfu/ml. The Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4–4.2 × 105 cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 – 8.2 × 105 cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality assurance of their products.

Robots are quickly providing an indispensable function in the safe operation of chemical laboratories. They are now performing tasks which traditionally could harm or kill humans. Tasks such as handling explosive chemicals to radioactive substances, are now successfully (routinely) performed by robots. This paper provides a brief introduction of the use of robots in the chemical industry.

This paper formulates an A-Stable uniform order six linear multi-step method for testing stiffly first order ordinary differential equations. Power series approximate solution was used as the basic function using interpolation and collocation techniques to derive the continuous schemes which was found to converge. The developed method is then applied to solve the system of first-order stiffly ordinary differential equations and the result is displace side by side in tables with the existing once, the method tend to give better approximation when implemented numerically than the existing method with which we compared our results

This paper formulates an A-Stable uniform order six linear multi-step method for testing stiffly first order ordinary differential equations. Power series approximate solution was used as the basic function using interpolation and collocation techniques to derive the continuous schemes which was found to converge. The developed method is then applied to solve the system of first-order stiffly ordinary differential equations and the result is displace side by side in tables with the existing once, the method tend to give better approximation when implemented numerically than the existing method with which we compared our results

Digital Marketing is a broad term which refers to the promotion of products or brands via one or more forms of electronic media. For instance, advertising mediums that might be used as part of the digital marketing strategy of a business could include publicity efforts made via the internet, social media, mobile phones and electronic bill boards, in addition to digital, television and radio channels. Digital marketing undertaking include Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Content Marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, e-commerce marketing, social media marketing, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e-books and any other digital media. It also encompasses non-internet channels that provide digital media such as mobile phones (SMS and MMS).

Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale. Integrating chemistry and materials science, Nanotechnology is emerging as a primary driver of technology, delivering significant impacts in many areas of society. Nanotechnology is now used in chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. This paper provides a brief introduction to the use of nanotechnology in the chemicals industry

Growth assessment of water soluble fractions (WSF) of crude oil and some of its hydrocarbon fractions were carried out using a fresh water microalga (Nitzschia palea). The microalga was grown separately in ratios 1:3 and 1:9 of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of Forcados blend crude oil and hydrocarbons (Hexane, Benzene, Toluene and Xylene). Algal growth response was evaluated using spectrophotometer at an absorbance of 745nm. Growth stimulation was recorded by the alga at all concentrations of the various WSFs. Also, microalgal growth stimulation in ratio 1:3 crude oil water ratios were higher than that of 1:9 crude oil water ratios why the reverse was the case in WSFs of the hydrocarbons. Among the hydrocarbons investigated, the order of growth stimulation of the alga is Hexane > Xylene > Benzene > Toluene. Total biomass synthesized in WSF of crude oil fractions was lower than that synthesized by the WSF of crude oil

Child labour came under the international spotlight in the 1990s. For the first time diplomats and economists started discussing why a vast number of children were working instead of being in school and what should be done about it. This study which was done in 2016 investigated the effects of child labour in the informal sector in Kenema City. The objectives were to unearth the causes of the social menace, highlight the types of work children engaged in that constituted child labour, identify the effects on the health, safety and education of the children who engaged in it and assess the effectiveness of the strategies used to tackle the menace. Sixty (60) respondents including fifty (50) children, four (4) respondents from selected Government Institutions, four (4) from Non-governmental Organisations and two (2) from Community Based Organisations were used to collect the research data. Questionnaires, interviews and observation were the instruments used to collect the data. The findings reveal that child labour was existent in the informal sector in Kenema City though it is to greater extent not cognizable because most work children do that constitute the Act are taught to be child work. As such, the problem is far from over